\(a.Đặt:n_{Mg}=3x\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh}=3x.24+x.56=19,2\\ \Rightarrow x=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.3.24=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ b.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,45+0,15=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

Giả sử hỗn hợp chỉ chứa : Mg

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6.5}{24}=0.27\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.3\cdot2=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.27.........0.54\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.54< 0.6\)

=> A tan hết .

\(2.\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{hh}=2a+b=0.15\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=80a+65b=6.5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a=0.065,b=0.02\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.065\cdot56}{6.5}\cdot100\%=56\%\)

\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.065\cdot24}{6.5}\cdot100\%=24\%\)

\(\%Zn=20\)

\(m_{H_2} = m -(m-2,4) = 2,4(gam)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,4}{2} = 1,2(mol)\\ Gọi : n_{Mg} = a ;n_{Zn} = 2a;n_{Fe}= 3a(mol)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} + n_{Zn} + n_{Fe} = a + 2a + 3a = 1,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a = 0,2;\\ \Rightarrow m = 0,2.24 + 0,2.2.65 + 0,2.3.56 = 64,4(gam)\)

Gọi x, 2x, 3x tương ứng là số mol của Mg, Zn và Fe: 24x + 65.2x + 56.3x = m ---> m = 322x.

Khối lượng dd tăng = khối lượng kim loại - mH2

m - 2,4 = m - (2x + 4x + 9x) ---> 15x = 2,4 hay x = 0,16 mol.

Thay vào trên thu được: m = 322.0,16 = 51,52 gam.

a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 56y = 8 (1)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 95x + 127y = 22,2 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,1 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{8}.100\%=30\%\\\%m_{Fe}=70\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)

Định hướng tư duy giải

Ta có:

→ BTKL n N O 3 - t r o n g   m u ố i   c ủ a   k l = 319 - 0 , 015 . 80 - 63 , 6 62                                                           = 4 , 1 mol

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=2a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=3a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(m_{t\text{ăng}}=m_{KL}-m_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow m-m_{H_2}=m-2,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=2,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,4}{2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:
`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2`

`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2`

`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`

Theo PTHH: 

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=a+2a+3a=6a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow6a=1,2\Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(m=0,2.24+0,4.65+0,6.56=64,4\left(g\right)\)